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Authors: Carmen Orte (Universitat de les Illes Balears), María Valero de Vicente (University of Balearic Islands), Joan Amer (Universitat de les Illes Balears), Pep Lluís Oliver (University of Balearic Islands), Àngel Aguiló-Zuzama (University of Balearic Islands)
Background: Exposure to sexually explicit internet material (SEIM) among adolescents has become increasingly prevalent, influencing their affective and sexual development. Research indicates that SEIM consumption can shape distorted perceptions of sex, affect relationship satisfaction, and influence sexual behaviors. Parental involvement and comprehensive sexuality education have been identified as key protective factors. This study examines the impact of SEIM on adolescents and explores the moderating role of parental guidance.
Methods: A systematic review of 24 European studies published between 2014 and 2024 was conducted, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Databases including Scopus and Web of Science were searched using stringent inclusion criteria. The review aims to inform evidence-based strategies in affective-sexual education and prevention.
Results: The findings reveal widespread SEIM consumption, particularly among boys, with associated emotional and psychological outcomes such as anxiety and stress. Exposure is linked to earlier sexual initiation, engagement in risky behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex, substance use before intercourse), and the reinforcement of gender stereotypes. Parental influence emerged as a key moderating factor: open, emotionally supportive communication was associated with lower SEIM consumption, while restrictive mediation tended to have the opposite effect.
Discussion: SEIM exposure plays a significant role in shaping adolescents’ sexual and emotional development, often increasing the risk of unhealthy sexual practices and psychological distress. Effective prevention must combine comprehensive sexuality education with active parental involvement. Educational and family-based approaches should promote critical thinking and encourage responsible, respectful sexual behaviors among young people.
Conflict of interest | The research is funding by Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (PID2023-147011OB-I00, MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE) |
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